A review on green hydrogen, the fuel source of the future

Abstract

In 2018, a large-scale social movement emerged calling for the implementation of stringent measures to lessen the consequences of climate change in Europe and other parts of the globe. This movement is becoming more widespread as a result of both rapid global warming and widespread catastrophic weather events. The idea of ​​the integrated hydrogen economy is that hydrogen serves as a primary fuel for transportation and, at the same time, in industrial applications, as well as energy production. While they started out by supporting fuel cell cars (FCEVs), a number of nations, including Australia, China, member states of the European Union, and Japan, are now creating long-term policies for the hydrogen economy. These nations have also expanded their efforts beyond the transportation sector. Spacecraft have been using hydrogen as a fuel since the 1960s, when it was first recognized as such. The Apollo ship's issues were caused by hydrogen seeping out of the fuel cells that drive the vehicle. In automobile engines, hydrogen is burned in place of gasoline, or it is combined with oxygen in fuel cells. Although both of these sorts of technology are now in use—to generate electricity and power automobiles—the second type has drawn more attention than the first in an effort to accelerate the shift to clean energy. What then is hydrogen? It is odorless, colorless, and non-toxic. Air is fourteen times more plentiful than water and is available in endless amounts everywhere; the only issue is that it is rarely found for free. It must therefore be extracted from other elements in order to be obtained. It is frequently paired with other molecules, whether they are water and oil in their liquid forms or natural gas in its gaseous condition.